Depression

 

 

 

 

Depression:
General Information

When?

Time 1

Time 2

Time 3

Time 4

Time 5

Time 6

Time 7

Where?
Intake Assessment
(EE)

Intensive Protocol
(IP)
Intake Assessment
(EE)
Intake Assessment
(EE)

Intensive Protocol
(IP)
Intake Assessment
(EE)

Intensive Protocol
(IP)
Intake Assessment
(EE)
Intake Assessment
(EE)
Intake Assessment
(EE)

Questionnaire

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 9-10
b) DSM-III-R criteria for major depression
p. 18
c) Worries
p. 18

IP:
1.Psychopathology
a) HAMD

2.Self-rating scales
a) CES-D

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 13-15
b) DSM-3-R-criteria for major depression
pp. 23-24

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 13-15
b) DSM-III-R criteria for major depression
pp. 22-23

IP:
1.Psychopathology
a) HAMD

2.Self-rating scales
a) CES-D

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 13-14
b) DSM-III-R criteria for major depression
pp. 22-23

IP:
1.Psychopathology
a) HAMD

2.Self-rating scales
a) CES-D
EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 6-7

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 7-8
b) CES-D
pp. 20-21

EE:
a) PGCMS
pp. 7-8
b) CES-D
pp. 19-20

SIR Data bank
EE:
a) ZPK
rec/table 10 (z1ee)

b) ZPK
rec/table 10 (z1ee)

IP:
1a) Psycha
rec/table 11 (q1ham)

2a) Psycha
rec/table 17 (q1cesd)
EE:
a) ZPK
rec/table 110(z2ee)

b) ZPK
rec/table 110 (z2ee)
EE:
a) ZPK
rec/table 210(z3ee)

b) ZPK
rec/table 210(z3ee)

IP:
1a) Psycha
rec/table 211 (q3ham)

2a) Psycha
rec/table 217 (q3cesd)
EE:
a) ZPK
rec/table 310(z4ee)

b) ZPK
rec/table 310(z4ee)

IP:
1a) Psycha
rec/table 311 (q4ham)

2a) Psycha
rec/table 317 (q4cesd)
EE:
ZPK
rec/table 410(z5ee)
EE:
ZPK
rec/table 510(z6ee)
EE:
ZPK
rec/table 610(z7ee)

To assess Depression, several instruments were used in BASE in the intake assessment (EE) and in the intensive protocol (IP).

EE:
(1) Items of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS, Lawton, 1975; Liang & Bollen, 1983; see Literature) were used as an indicator for depressivity (nine items at measurement point 1, ten at measurement points 2 to 4). This scale was specifically designed for the use with older adults. Responses were given on a 5-point Likert scale (5 labeled as "applies very well to me", 1 as "does not apply to me at all").
(2) Questions reflecting the DSM-III-R criteria for a major depressive disorder (DSM-III-R, American Psychiatric Association, 1987, deutsch: Wittchen, 1989; see Literature) were asked (2 at Time 1, 13 at Times 2, 3, and 4). The answers were recoded (0 = no, 1 = yes).
(3) At Time 1 an 'ad hoc' scale about worries was applicated; answers were given dichotomously (0 = no, 1 = yes).

IP:
(1) In the questionnaire "Psychopathologie" the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD, Hamilton, 1960; see Literature), which is an observer-rating scale.
(2) In the questionnaire "Skalen zur Selbstbeurteilung" (Self-rating scales) the CES-D self-rating scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977; Hautzinger, 1988; see Literature ).
For further information on data about depression see diagnostic instruments section (mental instruments section (mental GMS-A and the HAS)). In addition there is information in the Observation Protocol.

Literature: Helmchen, Baltes, Geiselmann, Kanowski, Linden, Reischies, Wagner, & Wilms, 1996; Helmchen, Baltes, Geiselmann, Kanowski, Linden, Reischies, Wagner, Wernicke, & Wilms, 1999.

 

 

 Depression:
EE Instruments / Items used in BASE

 Note:
According to the design, EE variable names for Time 1 have the prefix z1, names for Time 2 have the prefix z2,
names for Times 3 have the prefix z3, names for Time 4 have the prefix z4, names for Time 5 have the prefix z5,
names for Time 6 have the prefix z6, and names for Time 7 have the prefix z.
Items with the suffix "r" were recoded. 

Original items

Translation used in BASE

Variable names
Time 1

Variable names
Time 2

Variable names
Time 3

Variable names
Time 4

Variable names
Time 5

Variable names
Time 6

Variable names
Time 7

PGCMS items

1.

Little things bother me more this year.

Dieses Jahr rege ich mich über Kleinigkeiten auf.
z1e31x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

2.

I sometimes worry so much that I can't sleep.

Ich mache mir oft solche Sorgen, daß ich nicht einschlafen kann.
z1e32x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

3.

I am afraid of a lot of things.

Ich habe vor vielen Dingen Angst.
z1e33x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

4.

I take things hard.

Ich nehme die Dinge schwer.
z1e35x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

5.

I get upset easily.

Ich rege mich leicht auf.
z1e37x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

6.

I have as much pep as I had last year.

Ich habe noch genauso viel Schwung wie letztes Jahr.
z1e38x1r /x2
+
+

+
+
+
+

7.

The older I get the less useful I am.

Je älter ich werde, desto weniger nützlich bin ich.
z1e39x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

8.

I sometimes feel that life isn't worth living.

Manchmal glaube ich, daß das Leben nicht lebenswert ist.
z1e42x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

9.

Life is hard for me most of the time.

Das Leben ist die meiste Zeit hart für mich.
z1e43x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

10.

I am sad about a lot of things.

Ich bin über vieles traurig.
z1e45x1 /x2
+
+
+
+
+
+

DSM-3-R-criteria for Major Depression

1.

During the last four weeks: have you been sad, depressed, dejected?

Waren Sie in den letzten vier Wochen traurig, deprimiert oder niedergeschlagen?
z1e67r
+
+
+
-
-
-

2.

Have you been like that most of the time, only some day or just hourwise?

War das die meiste Zeit so, nur an manchen Tagen oder nur stundenweise?
z1e68r
+
+
+
-
-
-

3.

During the last four weeks: did you lose interest in the activities of your daily life (i.e. work, hobbies)?

Haben Sie in den letzten vier Wochen das Interesse an alltäglichen Dingen verloren, mit denen Sie sich sonst beschäftigt haben (z. B. Interesse an täglicher Arbeit, Hobbys o. ä.)?
-
z2e79nr
+
+
-
-
-

4.

During the last four weeks: Did you have difficulties with sleeping (i.e. to fall asleep, to sleep through or waking up too early) almost every night?

Hatten Sie in den letzten vier Wochen fast täglich Probleme mit dem Schlafen (z. B. mit dem Einschlafen, Durchschlafen oder zu frühem Aufwachen)?
-
z2e80nr
+
+
-
-
-

5.

During the last four weeks: have you been restless, hyperactive or did you feel like moving and walking up and down constantly?

Mußten Sie sich in den letzten vier Wochen dauernd bewegen, konnten Sie nicht still sitzen oder mußten Sie ständig auf und ab laufen?
-
z2e81nr
+
+
-
-
-

6.

During the last four weeks: Have you been much slower with all the things you had to deal with?

Waren Sie in den letzten vier Wochen bei allem, was Sie gemacht haben, langsamer als gewöhnlich?
-
z2e82nr
+
+
-
-
-

7.

During the last four weeks: have you been exhausted, without any energy or power, worn out?

Waren Sie in den letzten vier Wochen kraftlos, ohne Energie, erschöpft und abgespannt?
-
z2e83nr
+
+
-
-
-

8.

During the last four weeks: did you feel as if you couldn't be pleased or happy about anything, even if it was something positive or pleasant?

Konnten Sie sich in den letzten vier Wochen über nichts mehr freuen, - selbst wenn Ihnen etwas Schönes oder Gutes passiert ist?
-
z2e84nr
+
+
-
-
-

9.

During the last four weeks: Have your thoughts been mainly focused on yourself being worthless, guilty or sinful?

Haben Sie sich in den letzten vier Wochen ständig mit dem Gedanken befassen müssen, daß Sie wertlos, sündig oder schuldig sind?
-
z2e85nr
+
+
-
-
-

10.

During the last four weeks: Did you have difficulties in making decisions which usually wouldn't trouble you?

Hatten Sie in den letzten vier Wochen Schwierigkeiten, Entscheidungen zu treffen, die Ihnen normalerweise kein Problem machen?
-
z2e86nr
+
+
-
-
-

11.

During the last four weeks: Have your thoughts been mainly focused on death, did you think of suicide or did you feel the need to die most of the time?

Haben Sie in den letzten vier Wochen besonders viel über den Tod nachgedacht, an Selbstmord gedacht oder die meiste Zeit den Wunsch gehabt, zu sterben?
-
z2e87nr
+
+
-
-
-

12.

During the last four weeks: Was there a phase (longer than two weeks) when you've been constantly sad, depressed or unenthusiastic?

Wenn Sie an die letzten vier Wochen denken: Gab es einmal eine Phase, in der Sie zwei oder mehr Wochen lang ständig traurig, niedergeschlagen oder lustlos waren?
-
z2e88nr
+
+
-
-
-

13.

Did you forget important things (i.e. an appointment) more often recently?

Haben Sie in letzter Zeit häufiger wichtige Dinge, z. B. Verabredungen vergessen?
-
z2e89nr
+
+
-
-
-

Worries ( - ad hoc scale - )


I will read to you things some people worry about.

 

For example, do you worry...

Ich lese Ihnen jetzt einge Dinge vor, über die sich manche Menschen Sorgen machen.

Machen Sie sich zum Beispiel Sorgen ...


1.

about your health

über Ihre Gesundheit
z1e66x1r
-
-
-
-
-
-

2.

about someone else's health

über die Gesundheit von jemand anderem
z1e66x2r
-
-
-
-
-
-

3.

about money and financial matters

über Geld und Finanzen
z1e66x3r
-
-
-
-
-
-

4.

about problems in your family

über familiäre Probleme
z1e66x4r
-
-
-
-
-
-

5.

that other people have something against you

darüber, daß andere Leute etwas gegen Sie haben
z1e66x5r
-
-
-
-
-
-

6.

about death and dying

über Tod und Sterben
z1e66x6r
-
-
-
-
-
-

7.

about something else

über (etwas) Anderes
z1e66x7r
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

 Depression:
IP Instruments / Items used in BASE

 Note:
According to the design, IP variable names for Time 1 have the prefix q1,
names for Time 3 have the prefix q3, and names for Time 4 have the prefix q4.
Variables for Time 6 and Time 7 have been administered in the EE, but are reported below.
Variable names for Time 6 have the prefix q6
and names for Times 7 have the prefix q7.

Original items

Translation used in BASE

Variable names
Time 1

Variable names
Time 3

Variable names
Time 4

Variable names
Time 6

Variable names
Time 7

HAMD

1.

Depressed mood

Depressive Stimmung
q1ham01
+
+
-
-

2.

Self-depreciation and guilt feelings

Schuldgefühle

q1ham02
+
+
-
-

3.

Suicidal impulse

Suizid

q1ham03
+
+
-
-

4.

Initial insomnia

Einschlafstörung

q1ham04
+
+
-
-

5.

Middle insomnia

Durchschlafstörung

q1ham05
+
+
-
-

6.

Delayed insomnia (Premature awakening)

Schlafstörungen am Morgen

q1ham06
+
+
-
-

7.

Work and interests

Arbeit und sonstige Tätigkeiten

q1ham07
+
+
-
-

8.

Retardation: General

Depressive Hemmung

q1ham08
+
+
-
-

9.

Agitation

Erregung

q1ham09
+
+
-
-

10.

Anxiety - psychic

Angst - psychisch

q1ham10
+
+
-
-

11.

Anxiety - somatic

Angst - somatisch

q1ham11
+
+
-
-

12.

Somatic symptoms: Gastro-intestinal

Körperliche Symptome-gastrointestinale

q1ham12
+
+
-
-

13.

Somatic symptoms: general

Körperliche Symptome-allgemeine

q1ham13
+
+
-
-

14.

Sexual interest

Genitalsymptome / Libidoverlust

q1ham14
+
+
-
-

15.

Hypochondriasis

Hypochondrie

q1ham15
+
+
-
-

16a.

Weight Loss (anamnesis)

Gewichtsverlust

q1ham16a
+
+
-
-

16b.

Weight Loss (after weighing)

Gewichtsverlust

q1ham16b
+
+
-
-

17.

Insight

Krankheitseinsicht

q1ham17
+
+
-
-

18a.

Daily fluctuations

Tagesschwankungen

q1ham18a
+
+
-
-

18b.

Daily fluctuations (Intensity)

Tagesschwankungen (Stärke)

q1ham18b
+
+
-
-

19.

Depersonalisation, Derealisation

Depersonalisation, Derealisation

q1ham19
+
+
-
-

20.

Paranoid symptoms

Paranoide Symptome

q1ham20
+
+
-
-

21.

Obsessional symptoms

Zwangssymptome

q1ham21
+
+
-
-

  CES-D items


Last week ...

Während der letzten Woche ...


1.

... I was bothered about things that usually don't bother me.

... haben mich Dinge beunruhigt, die mir sonst nichts ausmachen.

q1ces01
+
+
+
+

2.

... I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.

... hatte ich kaum Appetit.

q1ces02
+
+
+
+

3.

... I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.

... konnte ich meine trübsinnige Laune nicht loswerden.

q1ces03
+
+
+
+

4.

... I felt that I was just as good as other people.

... kam ich mir genauso gut vor wie andere.

q1ces04
+
+
+
+

5.

... I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.

... hatte ich Mühe mich zu konzentrieren.

q1ces05
+
+
+
+

6.

... I felt depressed.

... war ich deprimiert / niedergeschlagen.

q1ces06
+
+
+
+

7.

... I felt that everything I did was an effort.

... war alles anstrengend für mich.

q1ces07
+
+
+
+

8.

... I felt hopeful about the future.

... dachte ich voller Hoffnung an die Zukunft.

q1ces08
+
+
+
+

9.

... I thought my life had been a failure.

... dachte ich, mein Leben ist ein einziger Fehlschlag.

q1ces09
+
+
+
+

10.

... I felt fearful.

... hatte ich oft Angst.

q1ces10
-
-
+
+

11.

.. my sleep was restless.

... habe ich schlecht geschlafen.

q1ces11
-
-
+
+

12.

... I was happy.

... war ich fröhlich gestimmt.

q1ces12
-
-
+
+

13.

... I talked less than usual.

... habe ich weniger als sonst geredet.

q1ces13
-
-
+
+

14.

...I felt lonely.

... fühlte ich mich einsam.

q1ces14
-
-
+
+

15.

... people were unfriendly.

... waren die Leute unfreundlich zu mir.

q1ces15
-
-
+
+

16.

... I enjoyed life.

... habe ich das Leben genossen.

q1ces16
-
-
+
+

17.

... I had crying spells.

... mußte ich manchmal weinen.

q1ces17
-
-
+
+

18.

... I felt sad.

... war ich traurig.

q1ces18
-
-
+
+

19.

... I felt that people dislike me.

... hatte ich das Gefühl, daß mich die Leute nicht leiden können.

q1ces19
-
-
+
+

20.

... I could not get "going".

... bin ich überhaupt nicht in Schwung gekommen.

q1ces20
-
-
+
+

 

 

 Depression:
Raw Constructs Created in BASE

 Note:
According to the design, EE construct names for Time 1 have the prefix k1, names for Time 2 have the prefix k2,
names for Time 3 have the prefix k3, names for Time 4 have the prefix k4, and names for Time 5 have the prefix k5;
whereas IP construct names for Time 1 have the prefix q1, names for Time 3 have the prefix q3, and names for Time 4 have the prefix q4.
Construct names for Time 6 and Time 7 have the prefix q6 and q7 although variables have been administered in the EE.

Constructs

Construct names
Time 1

Construct names
Time 2

Construct names
Time 3

Construct names
Time 4

Construct names
Time 5

Construct names
Time 6

Construct names
Time 7

Depressivity (PGCMS)

1.
k1zsdep

+

+
+
-

-

-

inverse mean
(except of z1e38x1)

inverse mean
(all 10 items)

2.

k1zdest

+

+
+
-

-

-

estimation of k...zsdep
(up to 3 missings which were estimated by mean of non-missings)

DSM-III-R criteria (Depressive illness indicator and major depressive disorder )

1.

Depressive illness indicator

k1z67dii

+

+

+
-

-

-

sum score
(z...e67r + z...e68r)

2.

Major depressive disorder

-

k2zmdep

+

+
-

-

-

if (sum score of z...79nr to z...87nr) is ge 4
and z...67r eq 1, k...mdep = 1;
if (sum score of z...79nr to z...87nr) is ge 4 and z...67r eq 1, and z...68r eq1, k...mdep = 2
0 = no hint for major depr. disorder
1 = möglicher Hinweis
2 = wahrscheinlicher Hinweis

Depression (HAMD)

1.

q1hamsum

-

+

+
-

-

-

sum score
(all hamd-items except of q...ham16b and q...ham18a)

2.

q1hamdes

-

-

-
-

-

-

Estimation for sum score
(If less equal 3 missings, estimation by mean of non-missing values.)

3.

q1hamx1s

-

-

-
-

-

-

4.

q1hamx2s

-

-

-
-

-

-

CES-D

1.

q1cesdsu

-

+

+
-

+

+

q...cesdsu = q...cesd1+ q...cesd2 + q...cesd4 + (12-q...cesd3).

2.

q1cesdes
-

-

+

+

estimate for sum score (if less equal 5 items missing) by mean of non-missing items

3.

Depressive affect

q1cesd1

-

+

+
-

+

+

sum score
(q...ces03 + q...ces06 + q...ces09 + q...ces10 + q...ces14 + q...ces17 + q...ces18)

4.

Somatic complaints

q1cesd2

-

+

+
-

+

+

sum score (q...ces04 + q...ces08 + q...ces12 + q...ces16)

5.

Positive affect

q1cesd3

-

+

+
-

+

+

sum score
(q...ces01 + q...ces02 + q...ces05 + q...ces07 + q...ces11 + q...ces13 + q...ces20)

6.

Interpersonal attitude

q1cesd4

-

+

+
-

+

+

sum score (q...ces15 + q....ces19)